Rain Water Harvesting - An index of first information India-Centric

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	Single dwelling and Multiple dwelling RWH installation cost for a single dwelling house in Chennai will cost around Rs 2,000 to Rs 5,000. Costs for a 5-story flat complex in Chennai with 25 tenants will cost about Rs 60,000 to Rs 80,000. For Delhi and Mumbai, double the costs.
	Links: Describes the 3 types of RWH at the Rain Center in Chennai RC Pamphlet A house in Portland OR (USA) with RWH RWH in Portland OR A graphic showing the RWH installation in a 2-story house Note: the excess water from the sump is charged underground Multi-story schematic

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	RWH Calculation spread sheet Monthly rainfall averages for 19 cities in India are available. Assuming that you are familiar with EXEL sheets, understand the method and parameters used. Unit cost factors are subject to local variation.
	Links: Spreadsheet Calculator

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	RWH Manual in Tamil Language This manual was prepared by Tamil nadu Water and Drainage Dept of the State Government of Tamil Nadu. CSE (Delhi) has prepared RWH manuals in Hindi, Marathi, Telugu and a few other Indian languages.
	Links: RWH in Tamil TWAD Website RWH in Kannada RWH Graphic in Hindi

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Shree Padre in Karnataka Shree Padres focuses on popularising rain water harvesting is western Karnataka ,North Kerala. He primarily focuses on creating awareness, holding sessions,encouraging villages and groups for taking it up. Shree Padres has written 10 books and all but one of his books are in kannada except the one title called ' rainwater harvesting' which is in English. His books have not been translated into other languages ,as he says the lay persons are not interested and nobody has particularly sought it except one book which is being translated into Gujarati. Contact: Post Vaninagar, Via: Perla - Kerala, 671 552 Phone : 08251 - 287234 ; 04998 - 266148 E-mail : yespee@gmail.com Web : http://www.farmedia.org/profiles/Padre.html

Links: Article in Goodnews India Bio of Shree Padre in Farmedia Article in Deccan Herald - March 2006 - "Rainman"

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"Amritham Jalam" Thirst, Water, Nector Rajasthan’s biggest daily, Rajasthan Patrika, has broken the stereotype that a newspaper is solely driven by profit. It has motivated 1,50,000 readers to resurrect dead ponds, tanks and wells across the state. Ramesh Menon reports from Jaipur Once in a while, the Indian media that swings between crass commercialism and sterling journalism, stands up, gets heard, and leads. In drought ravaged Rajasthan, shortage of water has been a tale of woe for decades. This year, the state’s largest circulated daily, Rajasthan Patrika, managed to motivate over 1,50,000 people to voluntarily clean up 385 discarded traditional ponds, wells and water storages so that the dead structures would spring back to life once the rains came. And when it did in the end of September, water slowly started filling up. After decades, the erstwhile dead bawris and step once again started showing signs of life. If the story is inspiring, it is because it has shown us that people can successfully take the initiative without waiting for the government to act. Though the sun burnt in the summer sky, thousands of people in every district moved out into the open cleaning up traditional water storages. The management of the state’s oldest newspaper, Rajasthan Patrika celebrating 50 years this year, thought of an innovative plan. It started a daily campaign in the paper called Amritham Jalam (water is nectar) urging people to come forward and clean up all traditional water harvesting systems that were lying dead and unused. It started a virtual water revolution of sorts. Hundreds of years ago, rulers in the princely state had created scores of traditional water storage systems so that rainwater could be harvested and it could be put to use all through the year. It also helped to recharge groundwater channels. But after independence, with piped water becoming a reality, the traditional structures lost their importance. Down the years, they just crumbled or became garbage pits. To make matters worse, the government dug thousands of tube wells in villages and even urban areas where there was no incoming piped water. Thus, traditional ponds fell into disuse and became stagnant, dirty, polluted areas. The bawris of Rajasthan are veritable architectural wonders. Erstwhile maharajas got the best artisans to work on them, so they reflected the glorious heritage of the princely state. Some of the structures were between 150 and 1,000 years old. With traditional water harvesting and storing systems being ignored in areas like Jaisalmer and Jaipur, the groundwater recharge collapsed. The water table started to plummet by five to ten feet every year. Rajasthan Patrika had no idea that its campaign would become such a hit, a mass movement. Soon, people from varied age groups, were at work — desilting tanks, restoring traditional wells. They got their hands dirty, but it was the dream of seeing water once again that was the motivating force. As many as 1,46,000 volunteers clocking around 4,38,942 man-hours were involved. If the government was to hire them, it would easily have cost them upward of Rs 5 crore. Says Sukumar Verma, deputy editor, who supervised the project: “Instead of getting at each others’ throats after a few years to get a bucket of water, we thought let us today ensure that we never will have to fight for water. We got into it thinking that this is how a responsible media should be. But after such a tremendous response, we know that this is going to be an ongoing revolution. All that people wanted was motivation. Now, they have realised their power. They do not need the government’s help to put things right.” The Amritam Jalam campaign was an eye-opener. Thousands of volunteers learnt the importance of respecting traditional wisdom. It broke down caste and communal barriers that are so strong in Rajasthan. Many of the reservoirs that were desilted like the Jaganathsagar in Jaipur were lying unused for over 20 years. When the rains came, the first signs of magic appeared. Water slowly started trickling into the reservoirs and wells. Soon after it was cleaned, with people working for over a month, Girdharpura Ki Talai and Panchya Ka Talab in Jaipur had water flowing in. The joy was inexplicable for those who had sweated in the heat. Both had been lying dry, unused, dirty. One step well in Jaipur near a temple was being used to dump all the garbage that came from the temple. Politicians were quick to see the need to be involved. All over, in every district, politicians cutting across party barriers, joined in to get their hands dirty. As many as 25 tractor trollies carried the silt from the reservoir that was lying beneath ten feet of stagnant polluted water. Says Verma: “This campaign has kindled a new spirit in the people. In the next elections, they are definitely going to raise questions on water management. Politicians have no choice but to be with the movement and be seen supporting it.” There were complex problems that surfaced. After volunteers cleaned up the historic Talkatora pond in Jaipur, which is a symbol of the Pink City’s culture and heritage, some unpleasant truths emerged. The pond, built by erstwhile rulers, had numerous rainwater channels leading to it. But all around, it had been encroached by the rich. The pond was abandoned as it was a wild area with grass and weeds. People now realise that the challenge is to find where the channels have been buried and how they can be rebuilt despite the encroachment stopping the water flow. Rajasthan has always been a water-deficient state. Though it is India’s largest state with a surface area of 3.42 lakh sq km constituting 10.4 percent of India’s surface area, it had only 1.4 percent of the country’s water resources. Rainfall was poor. It is not unusual to talk to a four-year-old child here who has never seen rain in some parts of the desert like Barmer and Bikaner. Rajasthan averages an alarmingly low 20 cm in just about 15 days of rainfall in a year. The challenge now is to harvest this rain as much as possible, so it can be stored to meet the entire year’s needs. Sounds impossible, but traditionally individual houses in desert areas like Jaisalmer used to ensure that every drop of rainwater on their rooftop and around was harvested and then used all through the year. It is not just Rajasthan’s problem, the newspaper reminded its readers. Water was a resource that was drying up all over India. The earth, the paper told its readers, had 140 crore cubic km of water, but only 2.7 percent of it was fresh and out of this, only a miniscule 22.6 percent was groundwater. Says Gulab Kothari, 56, the paper’s owner and editor: “Water is the only wealth we can leave behind for future generations.” Indeed, if the current tempo continues, Rajasthan might just live up to this lofty ideal.

Links:

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“Pala Thulli” ( many drops) Manorama response to the nature’s challenge in Kerala As Kerala was reeling under yet another severe drought in 2004, the fourth in succession which left the earth parched and the people panicky, Malayala Manorama could no longer be a mere spectator. The paper which all along had a record of rushing to the aid of people in distress at many places like in distant quake-hit Bhuj or Latur, decided to act and lead the people of Kerala from the front to meet the unprecedented challenge posed by the trail of destruction and misery wrought by the unrelenting drought of 2004. The Manorama response was a multi- pronged drive designed to quench the thirst of the land and avert the bigger calamity to which the state was heading inexorably. It was christened “Pala Thulli” ( many drops), the two words culled from a Malayalam proverb which asserted that deluges are made of many drops. It was in fact a natural extension of the twin action plans of "Ente Malayalam " (My Malayalam) aimed at the protection of the mother tongue, and "Ente Keralam" (My Keralam), campaign designed to promote cleanliness undertaken by the paper earlier. The Pala Thulli project was initiated with a front page editorial in the Malayala Manorama daily on May 23, 2004, signed by the Chief Editor, promising the people that Manorama will join hands with them to collectively implement various projects which would enable us to collect all the water we need throughout the year from the bounteous rainfall. As enunciated in the editorial, Manorama’s effort was to inculcate a new water culture in the people which would prevent Kerala’s plentiful water from going to waste without properly using it. “We have 45 lakh wells. Fortyfour rivers which criss-crossed the landscape and an average rainfall of 3000 millimetres were the extra blessings. Still, all our storages go dry within months of the receding of the Monsoon”, the editorial said.

Links:

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	“RWH activity in India during March / April 2006" These newspaper reports were collected using Google Alerts. They are SORTED by State of India
	Links: RWH activity in India during March - April 2006

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	Posters on RWH These posters are in English and are quite India-centric. These links allow to download 4 PDF files, printable on 8.5" X 11" size paper.
	Links: 1. Basics 2. Rural Rainwater Harvesting 3. Urban Rainwater harvesting 4. RWH - Urban - Line Drawings
	The original PowerPoint files are capable of printing larger posters - about 24" across by 36" down. You may download these PPS (PowerPoint Show) files.
	Links: 1. Basics (825k) 2. Rural Rainwater Harvesting (2590k) 3. Urban Rainwater harvesting(1470k) 4. RWH - Urban - Line Drawings(2506k)

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Sunita Narain, Director of CSE Center for Science and Environment in Delhi offers classes on Rainwater Harvesting. The Centre for Science and Environment (CSE) is a public interest research and advocacy organisation, which promotes environmentally sound and equitable development strategies. As a part of its natural resources management programmes, CSE has been promoting rainwater harvesting as a practical solution for meeting water scarcity and recharging the fast depleting groundwater table. With its campaign—People's management of water, that aims to make water everybody's business, CSE is striving to revive community-based rainwater harvesting systems.. Awareness generation, capacity building, networking, technical services and policy research are the integral part of CSE’s campaign on water.

Links: List of recent participants Training programs at CSE

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Akash Ganga - SuNeer Akash Ganga is also the name of an e-learning materials prepared by a Adayana Inc, a Minnesota corporation. The material is available on the Internet (See link below). It contains the following three modules at this time. Water crisis, Water Conservation and Rainwater Harvesting Keep the SOUND ON. You will hear narration in English. The Rainwater harvesting information is India-centric. A Hindi version is also available.

Links: Akash Ganga Internet link

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It’s raining contentment More than half the houses in Gendathur village have installed the rain-water harvesting system making it the first village in the State to become rain-water rich, writes SHANKAR BENNUR. Gendathur, a remote village in the backward taluk of Heggadadevanakote in Mysore district is on the verge of achieving a rare distinction. It will soon be recognised as the first village in the State to have the maximum number of rainwater harvesting systems installed in the village’s households. Thanks to Mysore Zilla Panchayat, the village, which has about 200 households, will become a role model to highlight the significance of conserving precious rainwater. Today, the villagers are completely dependent on the rainwater for their day-to-day needs. They are even using it for drinking and cooking purposes. The bulk of the rural water supply in Mysore region is through borewells. In most places the quality of water does not conform to drinking water standards prescribed by the World Health Organisation (WHO) and International Standard Organisation (ISO). Therefore, the Zilla Panchayat launched the rainwater harvesting project at Gendathur to show that clean drinking water can be ensured for households, with the help of harvesting rainwater. Already, 125 households have been covered in the first phase of the rainwater harvesting project. The number will soon go up to 150 as many other households are in the process of installing rainwater harvesting systems. Says Mr P G Venugopal, Project Co-ordinator, Water and Sanitation, Mysore ZP, “The project has been launched to show that the minimum quantity of water required for drinking and cooking which is essential for good health, can be provided throughout the year through rainwater harvesting without the need of electricity.” He said, the Centre for Appropriate Rural Technologies (CART), Mysore is the agency which developed the rainwater harvesting system. The ZP agreed to the idea of extending this facility in rural areas and decided to launch it as a pilot project. MYRADA, an NGO working in H D Kote taluk, was identified as a partner for implementing the project. It identified Gendathur as the project village for a specific reason. Gendathur is one of the remotest villages of the district. On one side it is bounded by the reservoir backwaters of Kabini river and on the other side by forests of Nagarahole National Park. With the borewell pump down most of the time, the villagers, especially the women, had to struggle to procure water. Understanding the problem, a team from ZP and MYRADA consulted the villagers about the project proposal. An immediate response came from 20 households which agreed to support the agencies in making the village ‘rain water-rich’. But the villagers of Gendathur depended on rainfed lands to earn their livelihood with no other source of income. Yet, they came forward to contribute 20 per cent of the project costs. Each unit of the rainwater harvesting system for a household costs Rs 15,000. “The ZP contributed 70 per cent funds while MYRADA chipped in 10 per cent. And, the project was kicked off,” he said. According to Mr Venugopal, much of the contribution from the beneficiaries is by way of contributing building materials and labour. While CART had the responsibility of technical design, component supply and overall supervision, MYRADA was responsible for community mobilisation, co-ordination and supervision during the execution. ZP was to fund and monitor the programme. The rainwater harvesting system design cost was restricted to Rs 15,000 per household, and it consisted of a brick masonry tank of 5,000 litres capacity. A conical mesh filter and a first flush device, a sand filter incorporated within the tank are part of the unit. The length of collection pipe is kept at 60 to 70 feet to suit the situation. Presently, the roof area harvested in each house varies between 550 sq feet to 700 sq feet. Gendathur receives an annual precipitation of 1,000 mm. “With 80 per cent collection efficiency and about 10 fillings every house can collect and use about 50,000 litres of water annually. From the 20 houses the net amount of rainwater harvested annually amounts to 1,00,000 litres. The entire community would be benefited by this,” Mr Venugopal adds. The implementing agency is constantly monitoring the situation so that the villagers get maximum benefits from the facility. The villagers have now overcome their problem of hair loss after they started using rainwater for bathing. Impressed over the unique experiment in their village, others from the village have come forward to avail of the benefits of the rainwater harvesting system. “This project will be a unique example in South India,” he maintains. Incidentally, a Singapore Youth Expedition team contributed $ 5000 for the rainwater harvesting project in Gendathur impressed by the progress made in conserving rainwater.

Links: Deccan Herald - News item - August 23, 2005

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Factories need water for their industrial processes. Many factories install equipment to filter used-water, return their pH to neutral and reuse the same water. An extreme example is a petroleum refinery purchases city sewage at Rs 7 per litre and converts to usable industrial water.

Links: Asian Paints - Mumbai Ashok Leyland - Chennai The Executive Director, Ashok Leyland, T. Anantha Narayanan, initiated the campaign during his tenure at CII's helm. Says Anantha Narayanan, "I chose RWH as CII's social objective during my tenure because it is a cause I have been closely associated with since I was very young. My father would harvest rainfall by the same methods long before it was recognised and given this scientific nomenclature. What are ancient temple tanks but aquifers, which recharge the ground table? Most dry or drought-prone regions have their own indigenous innovations — they often combined a long-term RWH purpose into their architecture. We are only rediscovering how to `save for the non-rainy day'".

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	All open spaces are ideal spots for collecting rainwater. Instead of causing instant floods, flooding storm drains and sewage pipes that are blocked with junk, we can provide simple ways to re-charge the underground with rain water.
	Links: Parks Temple Tank Desilting Church, Old-home

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Hostels associated with Universities, Colleges and other Institutes need lots of drinking water. In this example, at IIT Madras, there are 12 hostels in the hostel sector, each with about 250 students, with daily needs of about 75 litres per day per person (for drinking, washing and toilet usage). Using a group of 4 large agricultural wells that were present, Rain water collecting on the roofs of these hostels were collected and diverted to these wells.

Links: IIT Madras Hostels

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State Governments can play a key role in promoting RWH across all districts of their State. Almost in every District, you will find a Collector's office, a BDO - Block Development Office, a Project Officer, a Police quarters, a KVK - Krishi Vigyan Kendra. Everyone of these buildings should install RWH for their own water needs as well as set up an example for other residents of that district to follow.

Links: Karnataka State Police Housing Corporation

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	The Week - July 2001 : CM Shiela Dixit inspecting RWH in her house in Delhi Rediff.com - August 2002 - Harvesting the Rains Will add many other articles in this section.
	Links: Delhi CM Shiela Dixit installs RWH Harvesting the Rains Good News India - April 2005

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Rural applications of RWH are completely different from Urban applications. In the rural villages, the population in a village is about 1000 people and most of the landscape is wide open, (meaning- no highways and large parking lots). Where there is plenty of ground water in the rural areas, you will be surprised that you can obtain water at even 10 feet depth in a well. RWH in the rural areas can be stated in 3 words - in Hindi "Pani ko rokho" - Stop the water. When it rains, we need to collect the water in "johads", "eries", "Oorani". The Book called 'Dying Wisdom' written by Anil Agarwal of CSE, portrays how in the old India, everyone took care of their water needs. See reference below.

Links: A recent project to desilt a pond A recent check dam construction in Haryana Continuous Contour Trenching - Ralegaon Siddhi

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Anil Agarwal - CSE

We have listed the better known NGO's working in the field of Water harvesting across India. This list is incomplete but is a good start. Anil Agarwal, Founder and First Director of Center for Science and Environment (CSE) in Tukhlakabad, Delhi was the first to focus on Rainwater harvesting in an organized manner. We have provided one of his presentations on RWH here.

Links: Centre for Science and Environment (CSE), Delhi Tarun Bharat Sangh (TBS)in Alwar Rajasthan - Rajender Singh DHAN Foundation - Madurai Tamil Nadu - Vasimalai BAIF - Pune Maharashtra - Narayan Hegde RS - Ralegaon Siddhi - Ahmednagar district - Maharashtra - Anna Hazare SMSF - S.M.Sehgal Foundation- Gurgaon Haryana - Dr Suri Sehgal MF - Morarka Foundation - Jaipur Rajasthan - Mukesh Gupta DA - Development alternatives - Delhi - Dr Ashok Khosla KRG Rainwater Harvesting Foundation Akash Ganga Trust - Chennai

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	You can visit some of the NGO's listed above for plenty of information on RWH. There is a "Mausum Bhavan" in Lodhi Road area of Delhi which keeps track of rainfall statistics across India. Start with the CSE site of Rainwater Harvesting as a good place to start.
	Links: Indian Meteorological Department Center for Science and Environment (CSE)

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	Two Yahoo groups focussing on Rainwater Harvesting projects in India are listed below.
	Links: Akash Ganga Chennai Rainwater Harvesting

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Rain Center is like a working laboratory. People can walk in, learn about RWH, see actual field installations of the different RWH methods. They display the urban RWH systems. India's FIRST Rain center opened in August 2002 in Chennai, Tamil Nadu. It is reported that the CM Jayalalitha insisted on installing a RWH system in her own official residence, prior to inaugurating the Rain Centre. It is conceivable that this Rain Centre and many related activities played a role in the new ordinance passed across the State of Tamil Nadu, making it mandatory to install RWH in all buildings (not just the less than 0.5% new buildings that get constructed every year). Prof M.S.Swaminathan played a key role in this effort. Recent Rain Centers have come up in Trichur Kerala and Meerut U.P There is a possibility of a Rain Center in Mumbai. The Maharashtra Nature Park in Mahim Mumbai is currently considering this possibility,

Links: Rain Centre - Chennai - Front View Prof Swaminathan at the Rain Centre Rain Center at Trichur Kerala Rain Center at Meerut Uttar Pradesh

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	A number of Associations that focus on RWH exist. I have listed 2 of them below.
	Links: IRCSA - International Rainwater Catchment Systems Association ARCSA - American Rainwater Catchment Systems Association

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IRCSA conference - was held in Delhi on November 15-18, 2005 Sponsored by AFPRO (Delhi) and Akash Ganga Trust (Chennai) "Jal Hai, Tho Kal Hai" "If you have water, you have tomorrow" Children from a school in Rajasthan said it best. UNICEF, one of the key participants at the recently concluded International Rainwater Harvesting Conference in Delhi, brought school children from Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu and Kerala. UNICEF is actively promoting RWH in various schools in India. Often these children go home, explain RWH to their parents and help install RWH in their own homes. AFPRO - Action For Food Production - an NGO from Delhi was the primary sponsor for this conference and they did a great job. IRCSA - International Rainwater Catchment Systems Association - is a world wide group of RWH practitoners. IRCSA holds International conferences every 2 years. The last few conferences were held in Brazil, Germany and Mexico. The next conference in 2007 will be in Sydney, Australia. There were over 350 attendees at this conference, about half from India and the rest from abroad. The attendees from India were evenly divided across all the 28 States of India. It was gratifying to me that RWH has taken deep roots across India. Examples of significant RWH installations can be seen in every State. But we need to strengthen these installations and take them across the various districts of the State. We do have a good beginning in each State. The Conference took place on Nov 15-18, 2005. On the third day of the conference, a choice of field trips were arranged by AFPRO. I took the trip to Gurgaon to see a LEED certified energy and water efficient building by ITC and then to the IDE (International Diversified E ??) to see various forms of drip irrigation and pedal operated water pumps. Some excerpts from a press write-up by Ashutosh Bhardwaj of Delhi about the IRCSA 2005 RWH conference in the "IndianNGOs" website. IRCSA 2005 RWH conference Shiela Dixit speaks during the valedictory session Delhi Chief Minister Shiela Dixit said the people of Delhi need to adopt rainwater harvesting to augment water resources in a big way. Speaking at the valedictory session of the XII Rainwater Catchment Systems Association (IRCSA) Conference 2005, the Chief Minister said very soon the surrounding states which provide the bulk of the water supply may stop pampering Delhi as they have been increasingly unwilling to give water. "The real need of the hour therefore is to conserve and preserve the water available to us"' she said adding that though the supply as of now was adequate, problems of mismanagement resulted in inequitable and erratic distribution. Press release from AFPRO Association for Food Production (AFPRO) Executive Director D K Manavalan said that though officially India was well covered by water sources, most of them had been rendered non-functional or contained unusable water. "Rainwater harvesting can recharge all these sources through relatively low cost techniques and help India achieve its Millennium Development Goals of fully covering seventy percent of habitations by 2015". He said that surprisingly the United States depends a lot on rainwater harvesting for its irrigation and drinking water needs, using this traditional knowledge in a scientific way. "There is no reason why our society cannot emulate this example and take the pressure off water sources." Water is future - "Jal hai, tho kal hai" Few years before, when UNICEF initiated RWH ( rainwater harvesting) projects in selected schools of rural India, no one realized far reaching effects of this step. These schools had little water. Hygiene & sanitation worsened & daily routine suffered. As Chinchu, a 15 year girl from Baker Memorial Girls School, Kottayam, Kerala put it, "we often had to control natural urges as there was no water for urinals in schools." These troubles seem to be of distant past now as school children from various parts of India narrate their experiences at 12th International Rainwater Catchment Systems conference on 16th Nov 2005. Neha & Vimal of Government middle school in Pachevar village, Tonk district, Rajashtan tell that their area was affected by excessice fluoride & water scarcity causing poor sanitation & health hazards like joint pains & yellowing of teeth. Similar problems were shared by children of Panchayat Union Primary School, Erode district, Tamil Nadu & Baker memorial Girls school. Using the momentum from the conference and network of RWH practitioners across India, we hope to establish 1 or 2 year goals to increase level of RWH in India. Ultimately, we need mandatory laws in every state of India, making ALL buildings to intall RWH structures. NEW buildings should take the additional step of filtering grey water and reducing the sewage sent out from the building.

Links: Conf in Delhi on Nov 15, 2005

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	Many other States in India are following the process established by the State of Tamil Nadu. Often RWH regulations are passed for new buildings. This exempts almost 98% of the old buildings, thereby being ineffective. You can see the actual TEXT of the ordinance at this link below.
	Links: Tamil Nadu Govt Ordinance on RWH

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	You can see 2 videos at the link below. They show how RWH has helped the villagers.
	Links: DHAN - 9 minutes Water Gandhi- 22 minutes

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	We will build this section in the coming weeks. Two best books to get started are listed below. They can be purchased directly from CSE in Delhi. Dying Wisdom Making rainwater harvesting everybody's business Rainwater harvesting Manual for Delhi Similar pamphlets made in Marathi, Hindi and Tamil -all the above publications are from CSE
	Links: Link for Ordering the books

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